The large scale transhumances, like the Tratturo del Re or the large droveways in Spain, formed the areas they affected as much as the culture of grain did form others. They each had year after year many thousands of people on the move.
Look up the famous Naumburg Master for a typical traveling artist of the 1st half of 13th century. You can put him into an Ars saga easily. He exceeds many others by the quality and current renown of his work, but not by his travels.
The typical cathedral was built by several workshops succeeding each other, but indeed such a workshop moved only every few decades. Then it was a hundred people or more moving at once.
Best read up on the open-field system economy first. The number of free tenants with it varies by country and time, but these do go to the next market, typically days away.
In the 12th and 13th century, merchant ships are common in the Mediterranean, the Baltic, the North Sea, the Channel, the Irish Sea and the Bay of Biscay for sure. Entire cities at that time lived from sea trade.
People escaping from the lower rungs of the open-field system would take every position they were offered in a town: domestic, load carrier, unskilled labor for the already existing textile industry, and so on. Look here for the cloth finishing and wool cloth industry of Florence as examples.
Yes. Among those who travelled most often and far were the friars of the mendicant orders, like Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinian hermits. Look up for example Giovanni da Pian del Carpine: his travel to the court of the Great Khan is exceptional, but his travels around Europe to spread and administer the Franciscan Order are just typical for a ranking and devout Franciscan of his time.
Cheers