Why not let the mountain shatter around him, entombing him in stone?
Suppose I can push/pull/hold with Rego magic an object that's within the size limits of my magic (let's say a basic Individual, with no size modifiers); and suppose the object is solidly attached to another, larger object that would definitely be outside the size limits of my magic. Can I indirectly push/pull/hold the larger object by pulling/pushing/holding the smaller one?
Sure, sort of.
For example, can I magically hold up a rope that fits easily within T:Ind, if a load that doesn't is hanging from it? Can I levitate the bottom of a large chest filled with gold coins, indirectly pushing up the whole chest, if the bottom would require no size adjustments but the chest as a whole certainly would (ok, I may need T:Part to target just the bottom, but that's a separate issue)?
Bad example, as you mention yourself.
In this case, +1 part or +1 size comes to the same.
If it is full of gold... not sure about that.
Would you let me levitate a tree (+3 sizes IIRC) by lifting only the core (+1 part)?
Can I hold a large horse in place by holding immobile its leather harness?
Immobile, no. Force it to stay in place until the harness tore, probably yeah.
I'm particularly interested in:
a) canon references of what can and cannot be done in this sense (e.g. I vaguely recall some fyling castle from MoH where the only "flying" thing was a thin stone disc at its bottom).
Fairly vaguely
That one's in Legends of Hermes, chapter 6.
It has a +3 for size, and the wording "The spell causes the castle to fly at the running speed of a horse." LoH, p. 123
b) problematic consequences of allowing or disallowing this "indirect action"
It kinda messes with the whole idea of sizes, sending us back to the 4th edition where a starting magus could make a flying castle easily enough.
Would need a friend to make it invisible/disguise it as a cloud though.
c) any elegant solution that "works", seems consistent with the RAW, and is easy to adjudicate.
Generally I'd disallow effects that levitate something based on T: Part. That's certainly easy, and works.
Indeed, I thought I'd provided a solution back in [url]catnip & garlic], stating that
Basically, I'd expect base ReAn to be able carry about the mass of a Size +1 animal - a pony to wit.
The fact that you are carrying a Herbam entity (the cart) or a Corpus entity (grogs) or even Terram entities (weapons and armour) should make things harder, not easier.
So yeah, if you're going to be lifting that much on a single rope, prepare to toss in a few magnitudes for "lotsa powar"