As I understand it, there are two "kinds" of delivering a spell, with some confusing descriptions and an unclear mix of forms. However...
- applies a spell effect at a chosen location. If you want to be fussy about the details of that location you must "aim" with a Finesse roll, and failure in that offsets the place of delivery. (Sometimes the Aim is trivial - "create a 100p mist-cloud right in front of me")
(This is a 5e Aimed spell, and there are very few in the 5e core book.)
This kind of spell almost always creates its magical effect (unless the environment itself resists, eg a Faerie glade); after the spell starts, beings in the area of effect might find Magic Resistance makes the spell slide off them.
Examples "make a pit in the earth", or "create a cloud of mist".
MR is of little help with a pit, but helps a lot with a cloud (especially e.g. a toxic cloud)
- someone or something is designated (described) as "to be affected" by the spell - the spell's Target. Ideally the Target and the Form of the spell match - eg PeCo "cause a wound", but not always possible (e.g. "heat a target so it catches on fire" is usually CrIg not MuCo(Ig) (though it could be...))
this in 5e is a Targeted spell (as is nearly every spell in core 5e), and you must know something about your target to "describe" it to the spell. If you can do so, then the spell directly affects the described target.
However - the described target immediately gets MR and if they resist the spell fails utterly.
So - if you target a Group, and a Magus is the described centre, and Parma protects them - the spell fails.
If you pick one of the peripheral grogs instead, they usually have no MR, so the spell comes into effect, but individuals still resist after that.)
Note that if the spell is designed to affect a described target (a Targeted spell), then 5e never requires an Aiming roll, but does requires definite sense of the described target, and MR test to cast the spell;
if the 5e spell is "Aimed", you describe "where" but not "who" and you roll Finesse to aim, and the spell "happens", and is subsequently resisted.
Note that for a 5e Formulaic spell, the choice between Aimed and Targeted is fixed when the Formula is devised and written down, and no choice is possible when you cast the spell.
(A Spont. caster can choose on-the-fly)
The confusion in most readers comes because of the rewriting of many 4e spells into 5e to be Targeted and not Aimed. Many of the "classic" "create a gob magical stuff" spells are now targeted even when the Forms do not match, and even for Creo spells.
The 5e "Fireball" (BoAF) spell is Targeted, and always affects its designated target, so long as you know who you are after.
Likewise Pilum Of Fire - the fact that they have cosmetic descriptions as "streaking out" matters not at all - they are targeted, direct influence spells.
Some confusion arises over some uses of the word "target", as technically, the CrAu mist-cloud is the target of the Aimed spell, and the fire of the CrIg BoAF is the target for purposes of Size etc, but the burnt-thing is the target for getting it there... Duh!
Let's make sure this is fixed in 6e or 5.5e!!!
So the answer to the burn-the-invisible-target question is
- BoAF - you must detect them (InIm, InCo, or Per+Awareness "listen" or "smell" or "flail around with a stick"). If you detect them, the BoAF burn them.
- devise a new CrIf "large ball of fire" which is several paces across, and ignite one where you guess the invisible target might be standing. If you place it right (Aim) and the target is there, they burn!
Now, it seems to me, a sensible combat-minded Flambeau would be well advised to invent some Aimed CrIg spells.
A Large Size CrIg spell, which creates a fire over an area, or a Group spell which scatters fires in a pattern... nice. If you can fill an area with fire, the fire will burn the invisible target, no matter whether you can sense them or not!