1 or more dice depending on how stressful the situation is (botch dice table)
+/- dice depending on Virtues (Weird Magic, Cautious Sorcerer, etc -- Virtues/Flaws section)
dice equal to familiar's Gold cord score (Familiar section)
aura dice according to which Realm the spell is being cast in (Realm interaction table). Most magi have no additional botch dice for casting in a Magic aura.
For the base number of dice, we have always used "1 botch dice per 10 levels or fraction". So casting big stuff is more dangerous than casting small spells, specially in foreign auras.
Quick survey: do people generally add botch dice for using Loud Voice and/or Exaggerated Gestures? Or for that matter, no Voice and no Gestures (assume no relevant Virtues)?
Never done that myself. There are enough drawbacks to no Voice/Gestures that extra botch dice just seem unnecessary -- and Loud voice/Exaggerated Gestures have drawbacks all of their own.
But we do add botch die for "high stress" situations. And in my experience, in play, it turns out that quite often the circumstances in which a magus has choosen to use Loud Voice/Exaggerated Gestures/no Voice/no Gestures are stressful circumstances. So, quite often there will be extra botch die anyway, because it is a "high stress" moment.
Never done that, but I would actually REDUCE botch dice for exaggerated gestures and voice, since I see them as you getting MORE control over your magic using them, not less control. it is like magic likes a good show, hence the bonuses to your casting total when using exaggerated voice and gestures.
This exactly. I always see apprentices being taught magic like this and as they become smoother and more proficient they learn to trim down their casting style. But big gestures and loud bellowing is is the easier, safer way to do things.